oemof-solph model with minimal load

In this section we are looking into the introduction of minimal load in the oemof-solph model. Until now, we assumed the heat pump can deliver any amount of heat up to its nominal capacity. This assumption holds especially in large scale energy systems, where single plant instances do not affect the overall outcomes and part load operation blurs in the system, in small scale systems this might not be the case. Therefore, we have a look how a minimal load affects our model.

We recreate the latest setup, where we combine the TESPy simulation outcome with the energy system. Then we add a heat pump which, if operated, must at least provide a heat load of 50 % of its nominal capacity.

from utilities import load_input_data, create_energy_system_stub
input_data = load_input_data().head(24*2)

es, bus_electricity, bus_heat_35C = create_energy_system_stub(input_data)

from utilities import load_tespy_cop

tespy_cop = load_tespy_cop()
input_data["simple TESPy COP"] = input_data["Ambient temperature (d°C)"].map(tespy_cop["COP"])

FutureWarning: The 'delim_whitespace' keyword in pd.read_csv is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use ``sep='\s+'`` instead

The important modification we have to apply to our heat pump is constraining the heat production with a minimum value and using a NonConvex flow instead of a Flow, which introduces a binary variable. All other parts remain untouched.

import oemof.solph as solph


hp_thermal_power = 9.1  # kW
cop = input_data["simple TESPy COP"][:-1]

heat_pump = solph.components.Converter(
    label="heat pump",
    inputs={bus_electricity: solph.Flow()},
    outputs={
        bus_heat_35C: solph.Flow(
            nominal_value=hp_thermal_power,
            nonconvex=solph.NonConvex(),
            min=0.5,
        )
    },
    conversion_factors={
        bus_electricity: 1 / cop,
        bus_heat_35C: 1,
    },
)

es.add(heat_pump)

We can again run our model and have a look at the results.

model = solph.Model(energysystem=es)
model.solve()
results = solph.processing.results(model)

FutureWarning: Series.__getitem__ treating keys as positions is deprecated. In a future version, integer keys will always be treated as labels (consistent with DataFrame behavior). To access a value by position, use `ser.iloc[pos]`

FutureWarning: Series.__getitem__ treating keys as positions is deprecated. In a future version, integer keys will always be treated as labels (consistent with DataFrame behavior). To access a value by position, use `ser.iloc[pos]`

FutureWarning: Series.__getitem__ treating keys as positions is deprecated. In a future version, integer keys will always be treated as labels (consistent with DataFrame behavior). To access a value by position, use `ser.iloc[pos]`

FutureWarning: Series.__getitem__ treating keys as positions is deprecated. In a future version, integer keys will always be treated as labels (consistent with DataFrame behavior). To access a value by position, use `ser.iloc[pos]`

From Fig. 11 you can see how the minimum load restrictions impacts the operation of the heat pump. While the storage was barely used in the first two examples, now heat demand below the minimum heat pump load cannot be met directly from the heat pump, but has to be buffered by the storage. Still, the storage operation is held at a minimum, to reduce the time dependent storage losses. The change in electricity consumption is larger compared to our previous model additions, i.e. it changes from 14.03 kWh to 14.23 kWh.

Fig. 11 Operation of the heat pump modeled with a minimal load of 50 % of the nominal load.

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from utilities import sumarise_solph_results

fig, electricity_total = sumarise_solph_results(results)
plt.close()

WARNING:TESPyLogger:FutureWarning: Calling float on a single element Series is deprecated and will raise a TypeError in the future. Use float(ser.iloc[0]) instead

Electricity demand: 14.2 kWh